Exploring the Global Hydroponic Cultivation System: Current and Future Perspectives

As environmental temperatures continue to rise, one of the most pressing challenges we face is ensuring an adequate food supply to meet the needs of the growing human population. The impact of climate change extends to various factors including water scarcity in farmland, soil pollution, and numerous other aspects. The nation’s production for 26 vegetable crops had gone down 4% in the year 2021 compared to year 2020. In this context, hydroponics emerges as a promising agricultural method, offering a viable alternative solution to tackle these challenges. The paper presents an overview of hydroponic farming, encompassing its types, advantages, nutrient solution composition, factors such as Potential of Hydrogen (pH) value, Electrical Conductivity (EC) value, and water temperature. It is concluded by underscoring the significance of meticulous evaluation regarding the limitations of research outputs, particularly regarding the role of water temperature in hydroponics, as not highlighted among the journal papers. Furthermore, the paper proposes the necessity for additional research on vertical hydroponics systems to investigate the influence of water temperature on plant growth.