A Case Study of Japan and Jordan—Relevance Analysis of Bilateral Trade from the Perspective of Integrated Commodity Structure

In this paper, under the background of modern smart cities, changes in commodity structure in Japan-Jordan bilateral trade and their influence factors are explored. First of all, the development process of Japan-Jordan bilateral trade is sorted out in four stages. Second, changes in commodity structure are analyzed from six dimensions, i.e., structural changes in primary commodities, internal analysis of manufactured goods, analysis of commodity structure based on HS codes, revealed comparative advantage index, trade integration index, and structural change index. Finally, the influence factors of changes in commodity structure are summarized. The results indicate that in Japan-Jordan bilateral trade, Japan has shifted its the export from labor-intensive commodities to capital-intensive commodities, while Jordan has shifted its export from primary commodities to labor-intensive commodities, which reflects the role of the transfer of international industrial chain and the spillover effect of capital and technology in the changes of commodity structure. The optimization and upgrade of industrial structure, vertical international division of labor, regional economic cooperation, diversification of trade types, and other factors jointly contribute to the existing commodity structure of Japan-Jordan bilateral trade.