Peat Stabilization: Mechanisms of Geopolymer

Peat is a highly organic deposit consisting of partially decomposed organic matter typically found in the coastal area. The biggest challenge faced in the construction projects on peat is the unacceptable settlement due to its high compressibility, low shear, and poor mechanical strength. As a result, structures built on peatland experienced localized sinking while road surfaces became undulating. In Sarawak, the ground subsidence issues affect residential areas, commercial lots, and road sections, which leads to abandonment by the residents, safety hazards, and costly maintenance and remediation works. Hence, peat needs to be treated for a stable ground condition. The existing problems with undulating roads and sinking residential areas demonstrate the inefficiency of the current peat management method. Traditionally, cement is used as the common stabilization agent to enhance the geotechnical properties of soft and weak soil. However, the high carbon dioxide emission (CO2) during cement manufacturing prompted the need for a more sustainable material. Additionally, sustainable usage of industrial waste products has recently grown in importance due to their economical and environmentally friendly potential. Therefore, this article aims to describe geopolymer mechanisms and briefly review recent developments in utilizing the materials in peat stabilization.