Multi-objective Optimization of Trusses Using Rao Algorithms

The Rao algorithms are utilized to perform the multi-objective optimization of truss structures in this paper. Rao algorithms are new parameter-free meta-heuristics for global optimization. Due to their simplicity, these algorithms have been increasingly used to solve various engineering optimization problems. Nevertheless, the Rao algorithm’s applicability in multi-objective optimization is still limited. In the present study, the Rao algorithms, including Rao-1, Rao-2, are adapted to solve the multi-objective optimization for 2D and 3D trusses for the first time. The weight and the displacements of the trusses are considered optimization objectives, while the constraints are the member stresses. The effectiveness of the multi-objective Rao algorithms is examined by optimizing two numerical examples, and their performance is shown in comparison with some well-known algorithms.