Hazard Conceptual Framework for Motorcyclists in Vietnam and Countermeasures: Findings from a Focus Group and In-Depth Interview Study

Over the past three decades, training and testing programs for motorcyclists in Vietnam have undergone many positive changes. However, some critical content, such as the hazard avoidance training content for motorcyclists, has yet to be considered for inclusion in these programs due to objective and subjective factors. This training is critical, especially for young novice motorcycle riders, which could help them acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to promptly identify and handle on-road hazards. In this study, a hazard conceptual framework is developed to explore potential hazards for motorcyclists; then, stakeholders can develop the most suitable hazard avoidance training program for motorcycle users. To achieve this goal, this study applied the focus group study and in-depth interview method to thoroughly understand common hazards related to motorcycle riders. These interviews apply the semi-structured format to allow the conversation to naturally flow beyond the given questions and for emerging additional topics from participants. The inductive approach is used in this study to explore the common on-road hazard related to motorcyclists from a different perspective of inexperienced, experienced motorcycle riders and road safety experts. The results of these interviews have given a hazard conceptual framework for motorcyclists and solutions to help ensure their safety. The findings of this study provided valuable insights into the factors that contributed to motorcycle crashes and helped identify practical interventions. Based on these results, practical recommendations and potential updates for the current motorcycle rider’s training and testing programs in Vietnam are discussed.