Urban ‘Toad’ Market as a Third Place

This paper explores the concept of toad markets as third places, using Oldenburg’s eight characteristics as a framework. These markets provide a lively and convivial space for urban residents in Hanoi, Vietnam, filling a void left by contemporary cities. However, their role within the city’s urban planning and design framework remains unclear. Understanding the potential of toad markets as third places is crucial. While the concept originates from Western societies, it may be applicable in other Global South cities only with proper justifications. The paper evaluates the position of toad markets within an alternative framework and offers recommendations for integrating them into urban planning and design.