Smart Cities, Resilient Cities and Sustainable Cities, a New Triangular Stable City Model Built

Smart cities, resilient cities and sustainable cities are three city models that are currently the focus of academia and society. Smart cities focus on technology and science, resilient cities emphasize resilience, and sustainable cities represent the future of a city. There is a relatively large amount of urban research on the three domains. Still, there is a gap in the academic community regarding the common influence of the three urban attributes on the city and the relationship between the three urban attributes. While multiple attributes and functions exist in a city, this study uses NVivo software for qualitative analysis and Vensim, a system dynamics software, for causal loop diagram (CLD) demonstration to reorganize these three urban models. Thus, this study fills a gap in the current field by integrating these three city models and creating a new triangular stable city model through CLD. Overall, the results of this study propose a new triangular stable city model and use systems thinking to provide insights for urban planning and construction.