Green Synthesis of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes

Adopting an environmentally friendly approach to nanoparticle production is vital for striking a balance between industrial growth and pollution control. The spotlight has recently been on green-synthesized nanomaterials, particularly for their role in environmental cleanup. Numerous natural resources, including certain plants and microorganisms, are being studied for their efficacy as potent reducing agents in nanoparticle synthesis. These naturally derived extracts demonstrate the ability to efficiently introduce a wide range of functional groups onto surfaces, resulting in synergistic benefits when used together. The textile industry utilizes organic dyes, with the subsequent release of these dyes in effluent. Due to its limited capacity for biodegradation, it exerts a substantial ecological impact. Photocatalytic degradation represents a viable approach for the efficient treatment of these dyes. A promising solution for managing these dyes lies in photocatalytic degradation. In this process, pollutants are subjected to irradiation by employing visible or UV light, in the presence of either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. A significant quantity of research has delved into the potential of nanoscale metal oxide nanoparticles as heterogeneous photocatalysts for breaking down toxic dyes. In this section, we delve into the eco-conscious techniques utilized for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, with specific emphasis on cobalt/cobalt oxide, iron/iron oxide, and copper/copper oxide nanoparticles. Recognized for their photocatalytic properties, these nanoparticles’ roles in breaking down harmful dyes are discussed. The object of this chapter is to shed light on the green synthesis processes, mechanisms, and dye degradation.