Impact of Novel Remediation Technology: Significant Role in the Removal of Toxic Pollutants via Sustainable Approaches

Urbanization and industrial expansion produce a wide range of toxic substances that are destructive to ecosystems and human health, posing a risk to current environmental sustainability. Hazardous wastes need to be handled and managed properly in order to protect the environment and the public’s health. Global availability of a variety of treatment techniques, from conventional to cutting edge, highlights the necessity for economical and ecologically responsible waste management plans. In order to combat pollution, bioremediation presents a strong alternative to costly and ecologically damaging physicochemical methods. This chapter addresses the growing environmental problems resulting from urbanization, intensive agriculture, and industry, with a focus on industrial pollutants related to pharmaceuticals. It illustrates the essential need for ecologically acceptable techniques of cleaning industrial wastewater by studying diverse contaminants such as heavy metals and organic compounds that are released into the environment. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of sustainable techniques such membrane bioreactors, activated sludge, phytoremediation, phycoremediation, mycoremediation, and nanobioremediation, the chapter highlights the importance of effective remediation.