A Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Fluid Cooling System for Electric Vehicle’s Battery

The cooling system is a critical part of electric vehicles which ensures that the battery pack operates in a safe temperature range. In this study, we use numerical simulation method to evaluate performance of thermal management system with liquid cooling method for Li-ion battery pack of a five-seater electric vehicle. The performance of battery pack is simulated with fluid cooling system using four different current rates: 1C, 2C, 3C and World-wide harmonized Light duty test Cycle (WLTC). The fluid cooling system is tested with various positions to prevent any cell of the battery pack from overheating or from operating in too low temperature conditions. The results show that the fluid cooling system can control the average temperature around 29, 35, 45, and 30 °C for 1C, 2C, 3C and WLTC current rate respectively. The temperature difference maintains within 2–5 °C. The research is expected to offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of thermal management systems in electric vehicles.