Bioinformatics Databases and Tools for Analysis of Multi-omics

The development of molecular biological techniques and omic research recently, especially sequencing, has led to a huge amount of omic data, including information on DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites. Due to their close relationship, investigating multiple layers of omic data, which is called multi-omics, is preferred to the single-omic approach to describe a comprehensive understanding of these omic biomolecules and their linkage to several diseases. Bioinformatics is an effective and indispensable approach for biologic scientists to translate omic data into biologically meaning conclusions. We present a general overview of multi-omics and its applications in human microbiomes in this chapter. Moreover, we also discuss the role of information technology, particularly bioinformatics, in analyzing multi-omic data. Several popular bioinformatics tools and databases for multi-omics analysis have also been presented. With potential initial results, machine learning and artificial intelligence are predicted to play an important role in multi-omic analysis. Although databases for single-omic data like sequences of gene/protein or gene expression are available, database integration in multi-omic data analysis is still a challenge and needs further development.