Multi-omics in Prospecting of Genes of Biotechnological Importance

A novel multi-omics method combines the data sets from several omics groupings such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, and many more, for a comprehensive analysis of biological entities. This methodology has come into existence due to next-generation sequencing (NGS) advances. Several other omics techniques include metabolomics, ionomics, phenomics, and microbiomics. The integration of multiple types of omics have improved our comprehension of genes, metabolites, proteins, and their expression and regulation which has biotechnological significance. Multi-omics approaches have proven to be effective technologies in crop science over the past few decades for high-throughput gene analysis aimed at enhancing growth, yield, and senescence-related genes as well as comprehending the impact of environmental stress on crops. Similarly, multi-omics is pivotal in industrial sectors such as wastewater treatment plants, biodiesel production, and pharmaceutical industries. The chapter discusses the multiple types of omics techniques in detail along with their applications. The application of integrative omics to agriculture and other industries is covered in this chapter. The study of microalgae through multiple omics approaches has proven to be beneficial in various industries. Moreover, it has proven beneficial in the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the pandemic of SARS-CoV2 and helped in timely providing the information required for the development of novel therapeutics for its treatment.