Multi-omics in Study of Lung Microbiome

The lung microbiome influences the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. The advancement of sequencing technologies, such as amplicon (16S/18S rRNA), whole metagenome sequencing (WMS), and the development of novel bioinformatic tools, allow researchers to study the lung microbiome and its involvement in diseased conditions. The functional analyses of the lung microbiome indicate the altered microbial pathways and metabolic activity that may be responsible for lung disease pathogenesis. Multi-omics techniques are used to investigate the microbiome, host, and microbe–host interaction to understand lung disease pathology. This chapter highlights recent developments in lung microbiome research in pulmonary diseases that use multi-omics technologies and computational tools to identify lung disease biomarkers based on taxonomic and functional profiles and therapeutic targets based on microbe-host interaction.