Multi-omics in Study of Oral Microbiome

Dental health and disease correlate with the ability of oral microbes to compose and perform their functions, along with interactions between constituent microorganisms inside the microbiota of the mouth. The mouth cavity is a very active microbial environment ecosystem with several substrates and microenvironments housing various microbial populations. This dynamic ecology promotes oral dysbiosis as well as the emergence of dental and periodontal disorders. Biomarker techniques for microbial composition evaluation that focus on a gene or common area of a certain sex of bacteria displaying super variable sequence variations are examples of sequencing-reliant tactics for determining microbial composition assessment. These hypervariable genes or areas allow the recognition of community members, but they may be limited in their ability to distinguish between phylogenetically similar species or strains and supply no data on the number of functional genes present. Multi-omics analytical approaches have proven to be superior in the research of gut microbiota components and their association with human illness. We present an overview of such omics technologies in this study, with an emphasis on strategies for integrating them across many layers of omics. In comparison to single-omics studies, multi-omics helps researchers to better understand the information flow that underlying sickness.