Bioeconomy for Sustainable Bioenergy and Biofuel Generation

The bioeconomy serves as a bridge connecting biotechnology, economy, industry, and society, revolving around the sustainable utilization of bioresources for bioproduct development. With the continuous depletion of fossil fuels, there is a pressing need for renewable substrates. Biomass, renewable organic matter derived from plants, can be managed, recycled, and utilized to mitigate its negative environmental impact. Annually, there are nearly 100–200 billion tons of available biomass. The valorization of biomass into biofuels and bioenergy is vital for promoting sustainability and advancing the bioeconomy. However, a major challenge lies in upscaling the process and improving the cost-efficiency of biorefineries. This necessitates continuous innovation and invention in biotechnology to meet the demands of our growing population. This chapter explores biomass, processing techniques, conversion technologies for biofuel and bioenergy generation, and the concept of circular bioeconomy.