Stomach Cancer

Globally, stomach (gastric) cancer (GC) ranked fifth (5.6%) and fourth (7.7%) in incidence and mortality, respectively, among all cancers in the year 2020 [1]. High incidence and mortality rates were observed in Eastern Asia (656,349 new cases and 435,211 deaths) and South-Central Asia (102,676 new cases and 89,595 deaths) [1]. Males have higher incidence (7.1%) and mortality (9.1%) rates when compared to females (4.0% incidence and 6.0% mortality) [1]. GC was reported in elderly people in a few chosen countries, such as China and Korea, and most cases were detected after 55 years of age [2]. The most significant and well-established risk factor for GC is H. pylori infection, which displays variations in incidence and correlates with the incidence of GC worldwide [2]. In developing countries, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in adults is 76%, and in affluent countries, it is 58% [2]. Furthermore, the estimated incidence of H. pylori in South Africa was 77.6%, followed by China (55.8%), Mexico (52.2%), Australia (24.6%), and Denmark (22.1%) [3]. In the United States, the incidence varied between Mexican Americans (62%), non-Hispanic blacks (53%), and non-Hispanic whites (26%) [2].