Skin Cancer

Epidemiology: The most prevalent types of cancer in white populations today are melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). While there is an increase in global incidence rates, their fatality rates are either steady or declining. The incidence of nonmelanoma (18–20%) is higher compared to that of the melanoma [1]. According to the worldwide cancer data, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is ranked fifth among the world’s most widespread cancers, followed by melanoma of skin at 17th place. All skin-related malignant neoplasms other than melanoma are referred to as NMSC. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the major types of NMSC, which make up to nearly 99%, while sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma are the examples of other NMSCs [2]. The incidence of skin cancer depends on ethnicity, increase in sun exposure, age, gender, clothing style, ozone depletion, immunosuppression, and genetics [3]. BCC accounts for 80% of nonmelanoma skin malignancies globally, making it the most frequent type of skin tumor followed by SCC, and is very common in ethnic groups such as Caucasians, Hispanics, and Asians [4]. There is a correlation between BCC and the range of pigmentation, as 35–45% of Caucasians are affected [5]. Individuals of 60 years of age and beyond account for nearly 80% of the NMSC cases. Patients with BCC varied in age from 18 to 101 years, and those with SCC ranged from 19 to 102 years. In the youngest group of NMSC patients, women made up most of the patients (18–44 years). There was no discernible sex difference in patients aged 45–64 years. Men were found to predominate significantly in patients aged 65–79 years, whereas women were found to predominate significantly in patients aged 80–102 years [6].