Endometrial Cancer

Epidemiology: Endometrial cancer (EC), also called as cancer of the corpus uteri ranks sixth in terms of cancer incidence in women (4.5% of all cancer cases). It ranks fifteenth in global cancer incidence with 417,367 new cases accounting to 2.2% of all cancer cases, but ranks nineteenth in mortality with 97,370 deaths accounting to 1% of all cancer-related deaths in the year 2020 [1]. The age-standardized rate of incidence is significantly higher (8.7/100,000) than the age-standardized mortality rate (1.8/100,000). Based on the statistics from GLOBOCAN factsheet for the year 2020, the 5-year prevalence was high in Asia (35.9%) and Europe (34.1%). According to the US-SEER database in the year 2020 for endometrial cancer, the estimated new cases and deaths were 65,620 and 12,590, respectively [2]. In Europe for the year 2020, the incidence was 6.8% (1,30,100 new cases; cumulative risk 2.05) and mortality was 3.5% (30,000 new cases; cumulative risk 0.35) [3]. Unimproved survival rates for EC patients are mainly due to the absence of effective treatment strategies for metastatic cancers [4]. The 5-year survival rates for localized, regional, and distant stages of cancer were 96%, 71%, and 17% in white women, and 85%, 49%, and 9% in black women, respectively [2]. Among children and adolescents in United States, the relative frequency of endometrial cancer was 2.5% when compared to other gynecological malignancies [5].