Principle and Applications of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Coldwater Fisheries Development in India

Geographic information system (GIS) is an influential tool that integrates spatial and non-spatial data, facilitating efficient analysis, modelling, and decision-making processes. Its significance in coldwater fisheries development is critical, as it plays a crucial role in achieving anticipated advancements in the sector. The application areas of GIS in coldwater fisheries development are diverse and encompass resource and habitat mapping and monitoring, aquaculture site selection, water quality assessment, fish disease modelling, watershed and riparian management, and climate change impact assessment. Effective management and monitoring of these parameters are pivotal for the advancement of this sector, and the use of remote sensing and GIS tools can accelerate these processes. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of GIS in fisheries, discusses data acquisition methods for GIS, and presents detailed information on its applications in coldwater fisheries development. Additionally, it addresses the challenges the technology faces and outlines prospects. GIS enables effective planning, monitoring, and conservation efforts, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of coldwater fisheries. Moreover, harnessing the power of GIS empowers policymakers and fisheries managers to make informed decisions, implement sustainable practices, and safeguard the biodiversity and productivity of coldwater fisheries.