Healthcare accounts for approximately 5% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in Hong Kong. Private medical providers supplement the publicly funded system. Approximately 70% of doctor visits are to private practitioners and those who can afford it may choose to do so. Primary care is provided by the Hospital Authority's (HA) outpatient services and the Department of Health's (DH) preventive public health services, health promotion programmes, and disease prevention and management services for low-income, underprivileged, chronically ill, and the elderly. Hong Kong’s healthcare system, like many others, faces significant challenges. The government aims to improve health and living standards by establishing an integrated primary healthcare (PHC) system. Based on its primary healthcare blueprint, the government has proposed several reforms to enhance primary healthcare and alleviate the burden on secondary care services. Proposed reforms have focused on establishing a community-based, family-orientated, district-based primary healthcare system, improving management, consolidating resources, enhancing manpower planning and training, and increasing disease surveillance and health record sharing. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends monitoring, evaluating, and reviewing health progress to ensure actions align with objectives and targets (level 14 of the Operational Framework for Primary Healthcare). The book chapter discusses the PHC monitoring framework, emphasising improvements in access, utilisation, and quality; community participation, health literacy, and care-seeking behaviours; addressing the broader social, physical, environmental, and commercial determinants of health to improve overall well-being.