Microalgal Omics Approach in Understanding Human Health

Microalgae, tiny photosynthetic organisms found in diverse aquatic environments, have emerged as promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits having medicinal, anticancerous and pharmaceutical applications. The invention of several genetic tools along with omics studies such as proteomics, genomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics has made it easier to understand the proper metabolic pathways as well as downstream processes. The microbial omics approach has transformed our understanding of human health. It enables the comprehensive analysis of microalgal communities and their functional capabilities, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. In this chapter, we will enlighten the various components of microalgal origin having direct or indirect role on human health. Several cyanobacteria-derived secondary metabolites having pharmaceutical applications will also be discussed. It is also important to highlight the latest advancements in molecular alterations and how they can be used in algae to produce high-yield bioactive chemicals that are suitable for human consumption by enhancing algal target strains. For the purpose of directing the improvement of culture conditions, understanding the molecular pathways of bioactive substances under abiotic stress is of enormous practical importance. Such knowledge facilitates the development of personalised interventions and therapeutics to enhance human health outcomes. By continuing to advance these techniques, we can further unlock the potential of the microbiome in improving human health.