Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS): Techniques, Applications, and Future Perspectives

The integration of electrochemistry with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enabled extensive investigation of interfacial structure and mechanism of several complex electrochemical systems. This chapter provides an overview of the early history of electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) and highlights the recent technological advancements and their impact in various applications. A special emphasis is given to highlight the importance of operando analysis in probing the orientation of molecules on the electrode surface, intermediates, and chemical changes in the electrochemical interfaces. It also covers the significant advancement of EC-SERS techniques, such as EC-SHINERS and EC-TERS. The applications of EC-SERS in sensors, electrocatalysis, corrosions, and electrodepositions are also discussed. This chapter concludes with the challenges and future prospects of EC-SERS technology.