Effect on Morphology, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Plants Under Different Stresses

Global warming and resulting climate abnormalities put plants under abiotic stress, which can have an adverse effect on their survival and productivity. These stressors impact diverse aspects of plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, disrupting ion homeostasis, antioxidant defence mechanisms, synthesis of osmoprotectants, and phytohormones including abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid mediating defence responses against abiotic stresses. This leads to disturbed plant osmotic regulation, reduced ion toxicity, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, plants are not merely subjected to additive effects of abiotic stresses, but also to complex interactions between them. In addition to their common stress responses, plants exhibit unique responses to combined stresses. They activate stress-responsive genes and proteins and synthesise various phytohormones and metabolites to mitigate the damage caused by multiple stressors. It is crucial to understand the intricate interactions between different abiotic stresses in order to comprehensively understand their impact on plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. The insights gained from such studies will facilitate the development of strategies to boost plant resilience and productivity during climate change.