Cultivation of Algae: Techniques and Challenges

Algal farming, especially microalgae cultivation, has great promise for several uses, such as the generation of biofuel, food additives, nutraceuticals and wastewater cleanup. However, there are a number of obstacles to successful large-scale cultivation, including cost-effectiveness, growth parameter optimisation and efficient technology. The main methods used in algal production are explored in this chapter, along with their benefits and drawbacks. These methods include heterotrophic fermentation, closed photobioreactors and open pond systems. It goes on to discuss the main obstacles to wider adoption, including harvesting, light management, nutritional control and contamination. In order to overcome these obstacles and realise the full potential of algae as a resource-rich and sustainable solution for a wide range of global concerns, the chapter concludes by highlighting the necessity of technical developments and creative methods.