Biofertilizers and Soil Amendments from Algae: Production and Agronomic Benefits

Due to changing climatic conditions and intense agricultural practices, the agricultural lands are on the edge of losing their fertility. The rising demand for food has intensified the use and production of synthetic fertilizers, which are resulting in environmental pollution and severe health issues. Microorganisms are gaining attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic/chemical fertilizers. The biopesticides, biostimulants, and biofertilizers provide higher crop yield and productivity and aid in nutrient replenishment, soil amendment, and conditioning. Algae are a promising source for bio-based organic fertilizers due to their biostimulant and biofertilizer properties. To increase the sustainability of agriculture, microalgae are seeking the attention of agrochemical industries. The commercial production of biofertilizers can be enhanced by developing new technologies that are cost-effective, and economically & environmentally feasible. The integrated approach to produce algae-based biofertilizers through wastewater treatment supports the development of a circular bioeconomy. The mechanism of algae-based biofertilizers should be studied using molecular tools such as genomics, metagenomics, and proteomics, which help in validating the benefit of biofertilizers. Advanced technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence are promising tools to predict the potential of algae, optimize production, and enhance biofertilizers’ quality and functionality. This chapter majorly focuses on algae-based biofertilizers, their production, and their contribution towards the sustainable development of modern agriculture.