Sustainable Application of Genetic Ecotoxicological Techniques in Biomonitoring for Environmental Sustainability

The issue of environmental pollution is multifaceted due to the wide range of human-made agents, encompassing both chemical and physical elements that have been identified and documented. The potential deleterious effects of genotoxic chemicals on biota pose an additional challenge due to their capacity to induce detrimental changes at both the cellular and organismal levels. The genetic-level responses of organisms to exposure to genotoxicants in the environment have been extensively studied. Genetic ecotoxicology is a scientific approach that utilises the ideas and methodologies of genetic toxicology to evaluate the possible impacts of environmental contamination, specifically genotoxic substances, on the overall well-being of the ecosystem. Genoecotoxicological tools refer to biotools that are utilised to preserve the environment through the application of bioproducts and microorganisms. These tools aim to reduce pollution, produce environmentally friendly products, and maintain the natural environment for the benefit of humans and other components of the ecosystem. This chapter will primarily concentrate on providing an introduction of genetic ecotoxicology, discussing biomarkers often used in ecotoxicological studies, examining various biomonitoring techniques, exploring reference levels and concentration variables, and investigating the application of genetic ecotoxicological technologies in promoting environmental sustainability.