Urological Issues and Morbidities in Children with DSD

Background Children with a disorder of sexual development (DSD) may present with a variety of different urological pathologies. In this chapter we summarise the commonly associated urological issues seen in this patient cohort. Content The chapter is divided into three sections: Genital anomalies are part of a wider spectrum of urological defects seen in children presenting with DSD. They usually come to light at the initial referral with varying degrees of virilisation, as graded by the Prader classification. In this section we highlight the most common features, investigations, and management strategies that may be required. Gonadal anomalies in children with DSD can be varied and may present in different ways, including undescended testes and inguinal hernias. Renal tract anomalies associated with DSD are numerous. We have focused on the most common associations, with highest urological morbidity. Conclusion Children with DSD have a strong association with a variety of urological issues and morbidities. It is vital that the multi-disciplinary team that is involved in the care of these children have a good understanding of the different pathologies that may be present.