Diverse Cellulase Sources and Their Potential for Conversion of Paddy Straw into Bioethanol via Contribution of Nanocatalyst

Paddy straw is abundantly available, its use is restricted, and its inefficient burning pollutes the environment. The potential use of paddy straw as a source of biofuel production has been encouraged. This chapter describes the current condition of paddy straw potential on a worldwide scale as well as recent advances in figuring out the underlying reasons for its chemical properties and resistance. It has been determined how the high silica content of rice straw works and accumulates, as well as how it affects enzymatic hydrolysis in a biorefinery setting. Additionally, it has been noted how different pre-treatment methods can change the physiochemical properties of paddy straw and improve its enzymatic accessibility. This chapter focuses on the recent problems, remedies, and opportunities for paddy straw-based biorefineries.