Environmental Effect of Water-Permeable Pavement Materials in Sponge Cities

Permeable pavement (PP) strategies contribute to lessened urbanization in water systems by controlling source rainwater. However, their adoption is limited due to a lack of local guidance and data-driven support. PP is confirmed to reduce stormwater flow by decreasing volume and frequency, delaying peak flows, and extending flow duration. PP systems are also demonstrated to improve stormwater quality by controlling temperature, concentration, and range of pollutants. This work aims to summarize the all-round environmental effects of PP in the construction of the Sponge Cities, including the hydrological performance relevant to water quality, lifespan and functionality. Finally, limitations and future work required are included. The review focuses on building a more potentially eco-friendly pavement environment in the construction of the Sponge City to supersede traditional systems.