Laparoscopic Robots

In 1991, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was introduced and successful in China, marking the budding of modern minimally invasive technologies in China (Wang et al. in China Med Equip 29:5–10, 2014). In just a decade, laparoscopic resection of stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, spleen and combined multi-organ resection has also been successful. Laparoscopic ovarian, tubal and hysterectomy in gynecology, and laparoscopic completion of adrenalectomy and nephrectomy in urology have also been reported one after another. With the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic surgery has brought a great change in the development of modern surgery. The scope of laparoscopic surgery is gradually involving more complex surgical fields and the mode of surgery is changing to more precise, refined, non-invasive and multi-information oriented intelligence. The development of high technology has promoted the continuous progress of minimally invasive surgical technologies and laparoscopic surgical robots are born in this new century development opportunity (Xie et al. in J Laparosc Surg 7:67–68, 2002). In minimally invasive surgery, the laparoscopic operating robot is responsible for replacing the surgeon to complete the operation of the laparoscope, therefore, there is a need for research related to laparoscopic robotic systems so that the robot can meet the requirements of minimally invasive surgical tasks.