Improvement of the Antiallergic Plants via Whole Genome Duplication

Allergies arise from an exaggerated immune response, where the immune system combats allergens or antigens. This triggers the release of histamine into the bloodstream by mast cells. Agents with the ability to hinder histamine release from mast cells are classified as antiallergic compounds, holding potential for unique therapeutic advantages. In the contemporary scientific landscape, there is a conspicuous emphasis on exploiting the capabilities of medicinal plants to proficiently and securely mitigate various ailments. Many types of plants are highly valued for naturally possessing properties that can help with allergies and histamine-related reactions. Azadirachta indica, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale are some vital medicinal plants having antiallergic properties. The rich assortment of secondary metabolites found within medicinal plants necessitates the continual implementation of diverse biotechnological and breeding strategies. These approaches are aimed at elevating plant traits and augmenting the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Induction of polyploidy is a promising way to unlock the hidden genetic abilities of cells, making them produce more beneficial compounds. Polyploidy, also known as whole genome duplication, is widespread among angiosperms. The number of chromosome sets in plants, known as their ploidy level, is intricately linked to their morphological and biochemical traits. Organisms with elevated ploidy levels frequently showcase distinct or intensified morphological attributes compared to their diploid ancestors. Hence, artificially inducing chromosome doubling in medicinal plants could yield noteworthy economic implications. This chapter dedicates its attention to thoroughly exploring the concept of polyploidization as it pertains to well-known plants renowned for their antiallergic properties. The discussions provide detailed explanations that offer both easily understandable and more advanced insights into this process.