Challenges and Opportunities of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors and Their Integration into Small-Scale Energy Systems for Prosumers

Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal panels combine the two traditional solar energy production technologies (photovoltaic and solar thermal) in a single compact piece of micro-cogeneration equipment. This technology is in line with the growing trend of decentralization and energy self-reliance, by producing locally and simultaneously both electricity and thermal energy. Photovoltaic-thermal collectors are in particular advantageous in settings where roof space is restricted, such as urban locations, due to the fact that the rate of solar energy conversion per unit of area is increased. In addition, the extraction of thermal energy results in the cooling of the PV cells, which improves their efficiency. This study looks at the main challenges and opportunities of photovoltaic thermal collectors. In the introduction the functioning principles of this technology are presented, including motivation for development, types, and methods of integration in the energy mix. Next, a literature review of the current research developments is carried out, followed by a presentation of the global market situation. The result of this analyses indicate that the main challenges of this technology are the cost of production, which can be higher than traditional PV panels, lack of standardization and policies. Some recommendations are that the development of additional demonstrative projects, improving the user awareness and additional proof of concept would be required in order to launch this technology further on the mass market.