Mathematical Modelling of Reactors Used for Syngas Fermentation—Contemporary Practices and Challenges

Biofuels can successfully replace fossil fuels as they emit less amount of greenhouse gas during combustion. Syngas fermentation is one of the sustainable routes of producing bioethanol, methane, etc., particularly from ligno-cellulosic biomass (LCB) rich in lignin. In this process, syngas generated via gasification of LCB is converted to liquid fuels with the aid of suitable microorganism (Clostridium carboxidivorans, Clostridium ljungdahlii, etc.) via acetyl-CoA pathway (Wood-Ljungdahl pathway). Syngas can also be converted to methane through microbial route. The present article discusses about the microbial principles, reactions and different reactors used for both bioethanol and methane production from syngas. The chapter aims to revisit the mathematical modelling practices for different reactors used for syngas fermentation for bioethanol formation along with identification of loopholes and possible recommendations.