Recent Trends of Air Pollution and Its Implication on Human Health: A Spatio-Temporal Study of Two Coastal Cities of Goa

In the name of development, anthropogenic activities such as setting up of industries to boost the production of finished products and constructing structures for housing increasing population have led to a critical situation in the urban and semi-urban regions, especially in developing countries (Sharma and Sharma and Patil 2016b). Environmental pollution and degradation are internationally recognized public health issue with numerous aspects linked to social, economic, and legislative concerns. Urban air quality degradation is the most critical issue amid the environmental degradation affecting human health (Tandon et al. 2008) which ultimately influences the quality of life (Dadhich et al. 2018). Air pollution is considered as the main risk to human health irrespective of gender and age. Air pollution is ranked among the top five global risk factors of mortality (HEI 2019) through degraded and inefficient lung functioning, cardiovascular disease and neuropsychological issues, and, most critically, death (Gupta 1999; WHO 2018). According to the United Nations Environment Programme, about 1.1 billion people experience inhalation problems due to contaminated air worldwide. The report of the medical science investigation revealed that the air particles concentration is linked to a range of impacts on human health, especially cardio and respiratory system.