Fine Particulate Matter-Related Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Indian Union Territories

Air pollution in India is becoming a major problem due to the rapid urbanization and increasing population density. The significant sources of air pollution in all Indian cities are developmental activities, industrial emissions, biomass burning, and tailpipe emissions (Srimuruganandam and Shiva Nagendra 2012; Gao et al. 2016; Jaiprakash and Habib 2017). Other sources include fugitive road dust emissions, wind-carried dust particles, and sea salt particles especially in coastal areas (Borgie et al. 2016; Sharma et al. 2016). All cities will not have common sources and thus air pollution varies in spatial and temporal scales (Wang et al. 2016; Leena et al. 2017). This shows the need for air pollution concentration assessment in each city. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India has laid down the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in the year 2009. Various air pollutants are considered viz., ammonia, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter (PM), and sulphur dioxide. Among this PM is identified to cause detrimental human health effects of air pollution (Pope et al. 2004; Maleki et al. 2016; Lo et al. 2017; Li et al. 2017).