Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Alongside the rapid growth of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cellsSolar cells (PSCs), the development of inorganic cesium-based metal halide PSCs (CsPbX3) is gaining momentum, achieving power conversion efficiencyEfficiency (PCE) of over 20%. Despite CsPbX3 possessing several advantages, such as superior thermal stability and strong potential for tandem solar cellsSolar cells, it still faces significant challenges, including phase instability, high trap state density, and limited absorption range, which hinder further improvements and commercialization. This chapter provides an overview of the challenges and strategies associated with each device function layer and their integration aimed at enhancing performance and commercial viability. It follows the fundamental configuration of the perovskite photo-absorbing layer, electron transport layer (ETL), and hole transport layer (HTL). In detail, we comprehensively analyze strategies for designing high-quality CsPbX3 perovskite films, which include precursor engineering, element doping, and post-treatment. We then discuss the precise control of the CsPbX3 film fabrication process. Subsequently, we present and analyze the carrier dynamics and interfacial modifications of inorganic ETLs such as TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, as well as other common organic ETLs in the p-i-n configuration. Next, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both inorganic and organic HTLs, considering stability and band structure. Subsequently, we review a promising solution, namely HTL-free carbon-electrode-based inorganic CsPbX3 PSCs, addressing the challenges in the “golden triangle” of the PSCs community. We subsequently discuss other obstacles, such as hysteresis and large-scale fabrication, which hinder the path towards PSC commercialization. Finally, we present some perspectives on the solutions to overcome development bottlenecks, aiming to gain insights into CsPbX3 PSCs and inspire future research prospects.