Harmonising Efficiency and Sustainability: A Techno-economic Analysis of Green Hydrogen Production Methods

The production stage of green hydrogen, particularly through electrolysis, is confronted with numerous challenges. These include energy inefficiencies during the process, a lack of recognition of the inherent value of green hydrogen, complexities in maintaining sustainability, and elevated production costs. This chapter presents a detailed techno-economic examination of green hydrogen production, focusing on the balance between efficiency and sustainability. It commences by establishing the fundamental role of green hydrogen in a sustainable energy future, setting the stage for the assessment of various production techniques. Through this, we scrutinise the prevailing electrolysis methods, including alkaline, proton exchange membrane (PEM), solid oxide electrolysis, and anion exchange membrane (AEM) as well as emerging novel technologies. Each technique’s environmental footprint, energy efficiency, scalability, and cost factors are critically evaluated, drawing upon the latest research and advancements. Furthermore, we explore the influence of renewable energy integration on the economics and carbon emissions of green hydrogen production. This evaluation considers the variable nature of renewable energy sources and the potential of energy storage systems to manage this challenge. The chapter also delves into the policy frameworks shaping the green hydrogen sector, exploring how they could be leveraged to foster technological innovation and improve economic viability. Through this comprehensive analysis, we seek to provide insights into the optimisation of green hydrogen production processes and contribute to achieving a truly sustainable energy system.