Non-invasive Techniques for Heart Rate Monitoring: A Review

The measurement and analysis of heart rate play a pivotal role in health care, fitness monitoring, and stress assessment. It gives a comprehensive outline of the methodologies and techniques employed in heart rate analysis. We categorize these methods into two primary domains: hardware and software, with a particular focus on the software-based approaches. Within the software domain, we further classify methods into three subcategories: data-driven methods, model-based methods, and signal decomposition methods. Our review encompasses recent research published from 2017 to 2022, spanning a diverse range of applications and methodologies. We highlight the significance of heart rate analysis in various fields and discuss the limitations and challenges faced by current techniques. By categorizing and evaluating these methods, our review aims to provide valuable insights into the advancements in heart rate analysis, facilitating a better understanding of the state of the field. Through this comprehensive exploration, we intend to contribute to the ongoing dialogue in heart rate analysis and inspire further research in this critical area of study.