Advancements and Challenges in Fully Automated Online Proctoring Systems: A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Driven Solutions

Education and skill development serve as the fundamental pillars for individual career growth and the overall betterment of society. To effectively address the ever-evolving expectations, it is crucial that teaching and learning processes remain contemporary and aligned with dynamically changing outcomes. Today, every facet of education, encompassing traditional classroom methods, student engagement, examination practices, and assessment techniques, has undergone substantial paradigm shifts. The transformation within the education system, particularly in the realms of examination, assessment, and evaluation, has brought forth these changes. Moreover, advancements in technology have led to the emergence of Automated Online Proctoring systems (AOP) designed for assessment and evaluation methodologies. By bridging the gap between learners and educators, these systems play a pivotal role in transitioning towards learner-centric education. Numerous examples in the literature survey demonstrate how online proctoring has tipped the scales in favour of online assessment and evaluation. Driven by this momentum, we have conducted a comprehensive literature survey on Fully AOP Systems. Our aim is to guide researchers in understanding the current landscape, future prospects, and the potential of efficient AOP systems for assessment and evaluation. By exploring the related studies, we strive to contribute to the advancement of this field and facilitate informed decision-making for educators and policymakers.