Extreme Event Analysis

Floods and droughtsDrought are two severe climatic extremes that exert considerable impacts on both people and their environment. For hydrologists, it is imperative to comprehend the nature and types of these phenomena, as it enables them to simulate and develop appropriate modelling methods to study these extremes. Such modelling is vital for making informed decisions while devising policies and plans to manage and mitigate the risks associated with these extreme events. To effectively reduce the risks posed by floods and droughtsDrought, it is necessary to undertake comprehensive hazard and risk assessments. These assessments provide a more profound understanding of the potential impacts of these events, the level of risk they pose, and the measures that should be taken to mitigate their effects. The present chapter elucidates floods and droughtsDrought in detail, discusses the different methods used to model these extremes, and emphasises the significance of hazard and risk assessments in disaster risk reduction. Furthermore, this chapter describes the critical elements in conducting these assessments while providing an overview of real-time flood and droughtDrought forecastingForecasting to present the practical application of flood and droughtDrought modelling concepts.