Immersive Learning Design in the Metaverse: A Theoretical Literature Review Synthesis

Metaverse-enabled experiences can have a profound, transformational impact on educational practice. Significant innovations related to the adoption of this new manifestation of the internet and its capabilities are expected in all levels of education. In higher education, several universities are building digital twins of campuses as the first step of embracing technology and understanding what is possible. But how should we design and organize education in the Metaverse? Reproducing existing practices should be carefully examined to avoid the pitfall of the routinization. New instructional design models and frameworks are needed to guide educational practices toward smart and experiential immersive education. Engaging, durable learning that shapes and transforms the competences and identity of students is a hallmark of high-quality education. This review presents three strategic approaches for effective immersive learning design in the Metaverse. It also analyzes instructional frameworks, models, and taxonomies with the support of XR technologies.