Biosensor: Application in Environmental Management

Air pollution poses an enormous threat to both human health and the environment. Aerosols play a vital role and affect human health and climate. They infect humans, plants, and animals and are estimated to be responsible for more than 15 million deaths worldwide each year. The biological components of aerosols are known as bioaerosols, which include microorganisms (like; bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.), pollens, biofilms, etc. The present pandemic situation due to SARS-COVID-19 and the production of biological warfare agents has posed threats to the safety and security of human beings. The development of fast and accurate methods of detection and identification systems for biological components in the environment is of paramount importance in the current scenario of the infection and spread of pathogens. Hence, a thorough understanding of biosensors and their application in environmental management is the need of the time. This chapter deals with the present environmental conditions, prediction of growth of new epidemic, endemic and pandemic diseases due to microbial contamination of environment, mechanism of transmission of infection or disease, impacts on human health, different types of diseases, role of nanomaterials in detection and disinfection, biosensor, different types of biosensor, role of biosensor in diseases control and environmental management, and future implications of biosensor in formulation of policy.