Operation Strategy of Battery Swapping-Charging System for Electric Vehicle Based on Multi-material Flow with Space-Time Coupling Characteristics

With the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources, there is an urgent need for a flexible and convenient battery power supply system to achieve energy space-time complementarity. Therefore, this paper proposes a battery charge-swapping system (BSCS) operation strategy. Firstly, based on the spatio-temporal coupling relationship of material flow (battery flow/energy flow) carried by different operating entities in BSCS, a multi-material flow spatio-temporal coupling BSCS framework is proposed. Then, the joint scheduling optimization model of BSCS is constructed. The model takes the minimization of the economic operation of each subject of BSCS as the objective function, and comprehensively considers the vehicle routing planning of the battery transporter (BT), the battery swapping plan between BT and battery swapping station/charging station, and the fine charging management of charging station based on charging range division. Finally, aiming at the characteristics of high dimension and large computational complexity of the established model variables, an improved penalty alternating direction multiplier method is proposed for efficient solution. The space-time flexibility and operation economy of the model are verified by the case study.