Hamiltonian Structure of Other Models

In this chapter, we describe a color-flavor locking color superconductor in terms of bosonic variables, where gaped quarks are realized as solitons, the so-called superqualitons. We then argue that ground state of the color-flavor-locking color superconductor is Q-matter, which is the lowest energy state for a given fixed baryon number. From this Q-matter, we calculate a minimal energy to create a superqualiton and find that it is numerically of the order of twice of the Cooper gap. Upon quantizing zero modes of superqualitons, we find that superqualitons have the same quantum number as the gaped quarks and furthermore all the high spin states of the superqualitons are absent in effective bosonic description of theHong, D.K. color-flavor-lockingHong, S.T. colorPark, Y.J. superconductor [49].