Optimization Design of Dynamic Stiffness of Rolling Bearings for High-Speed Electric Spindles Using the Box-Behnken Response Surface Method

The dynamic stiffness of high-speed angular contact ball bearings has a direct effect on the precision and stability of machine tools, and numerous parameters influence the bearing stiffness under complex working conditions. This study aims to establish a quasi-static mechanical model and a stiffness model for angular contact ball bearings, taking into full consideration the effects of bearing load parameters, geometric parameters, and material parameters on bearing stiffness. To investigate the factors that predominantly affect the radial stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing 7009C, a single-factor experiment using the Plackett–Burman design was conducted. Subsequently, an efficient Box-Behnken design was employed to sample the four identified influential factors at the central point and edge center as sample points, and the sampling table was created. Furthermore, a multi-factor experiment was conducted using the response surface methodology to obtain optimal values for the design parameters, with the maximum radial stiffness as the optimization objective.