Research on Energy Decoupling Control Strategy for Multi-coil Insulators on Transmission Towers

With the development of smart grids, the power supply of online monitoring systems in the transmission and distribution networks is facing new technical challenges. Insulators, as essential components of towers, play a crucial role in their condition monitoring. In the existing Domino-based wireless power transfer (WPT) methods, the power supply for tower sensors is mainly designed for single-load applications. This paper designs a multi-node wireless power transfer system based on composite insulators to tackle the difficulty of monitoring multiple insulators on tower structures. An energy distribution strategy is proposed, and the resonant circuit structure on composite insulators is determined. By integrating wireless communication, the sensor operating modes are configured to achieve energy distribution for multi-node reception. Furthermore, simulations are conducted to explore the optimal working state of the sensor’s dynamic resistance, and an efficient working resistance range of 4 kΩ–6 kΩ is identified. An experimental prototype is developed, achieving a system power efficiency of 38.89%. The research results demonstrate that by controlling the sensor mode switching through wireless communication, targeted sensor data acquisition and energy distribution can be achieved.