Antifungal Nanoparticles and Their Impacts on Plant Immunity

This paper looks at how nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as antifungal treatments and how they interact with plant defense systems. It discusses numerous antifungal nanoparticles and their usage against various plant-pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the combination of nanoparticles with plant essential oils is addressed as a potential synergistic method. The methods, by which nanoparticles demonstrate antifungal action, as well as their influence on improving plant defense systems, are investigated. The interaction of nanoparticles with various plant species, particularly their impact on the natural flora of plant roots, is also investigated. The goal of this review is to offer a thorough knowledge of nanoparticles’ potential in increasing plant defense against fungal infections. Future research should focus on developing novel nanoparticle formulations, conducting mechanistic studies to understand the underlying antifungal mechanisms, evaluating long-term effects, improving nanoparticle delivery systems, integrating nanoparticles with other disease management techniques, and taking regulatory and safety considerations into account. Researchers can enhance the development of novel and long-lasting methods for managing fungal disease in plants by tackling these future objectives.