Seed Priming and Spraying with Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Crop Diseases and Induce Resistance Against Pathogens

Nanotechnology promotes resistance against plant pathogens and provides environmentally acceptable solutions for managing plant diseases. The treatment of plant diseases in diverse crops has drawn researchers’ attention to significant advancements in the synthesis of nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles. For the treatment of plant diseases by inducing resistance, foliar spray and seed priming with zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) and copper oxide (CuO-NPs) nanoparticles were used. On a variety of crops, nanoparticles were also utilized to promote plant development and offer protection against plant diseases, albeit their efficacy varied depending on the plant and the dose used. Therefore, the use of these nanoparticles can be expected to serve as a long-term effective measure for controlling pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and plant parasitic nematodes.