Nanoparticles in Clonal Micropropagation and Plant Stress Control

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) helps to solve a large number of problems in various fields. Biotechnology is one of the developing industries that has the opportunity to improve the methodological base and resulting products thanks to the use of NPs. Despite a large number of studies and significant advances in this area, the question of the safety and feasibility of using NPs in the biotechnology of various plants, and in particular forest crops, remains open. This review is aimed at systematizing the available research results on the use of NPs to combat unfavorable environmental conditions in agriculture and forestry, the use of plant in vitro technology to increase the percentage of sterile explants, improve survival rate and morphogenesis, protect against stress, as well as stimulation of secondary metabolites synthesis. The concentrations of NPs, their toxic effects, and prospects are also discussed.