The Docking and Physiological Characteristics as Detectors of Nanoparticle’s Role in Plant Responses to Biotic Stress

Plant pathogens and other pests that feed on plants are a major cause of crop loss. Historically, many pesticides have been used to control plant pests, even though these chemicals are extremely toxic. However, these chemicals are considered fundamentals of supplying food and reducing crop loss. As a result, plant diseases are one of the biotic stresses that harm plants and productivity in general. Recently, nanomaterial has been utilized as a novel method to reduce the amount of hazardous substances released into the environment. The present chapter aims to shed light on the physiological effects of nanomaterial in terms of hormonal and enzymatic aspects as their role as exterminators for some diseases, in addition to highlighting some innovative new tools used to give a visualization of the nanomaterial-pathogen site of action, interaction, and their stability.